Initially, concrete takes in and transfers warmth extra easily than dissipates warmth conveniently. When a fire takes place, it has the impact of supporting combustion, which amounts adding fuel to the fire. The even more it melts, the larger it obtains. Concrete might appear lovely and solid, yet actually, it could be far better than adobe residences. There is no thermal insulation and warmth dissipation effect like adobe blocks.
(burning concrete building)
On the other hand, I simply scraped the surface. If the steel-concrete framework of a high-rise building is white, there will not be a lot of smoke and fire if it sheds. It is generally made from interior decoration products, primarily natural materials, oil, or plastic materials., when fired up, the fire will become fierce and produce a large amount of black smoke.
Second, fires in skyscrapers can melt concrete and steel bars. Oxygen supports combustion. Furthermore, the temperature level created by the auxiliary combustion of other combustible things in the building is really high. After all, it is not a fire in a rural home. In the 911 case, one structure was ruined by an aircraft. After the collision, it did not collapse at the time. Later on, the fire caused by the impact melted and melted the main body of reinforced concrete and finally broke down.
(burning concrete building)
On the various other hand, interior decoration products, home devices and furnishings are primarily combustible. If one floor burns for a very long time, the temperature will certainly pass through the flooring and fire up the top and reduced floorings. The flooring is high and windy, with excellent air flow and high oxygen web content. The high-temperature heat circulation will certainly create a smog. Power, the fire should be extremely fierce.
Third, the foam plastic used for exterior wall insulation is the wrongdoer. Foam plastics are frequently made use of in Europe and the USA, so a team of specialists introduced this technology. But they certainly need to have taken into account that a lot of foreign buildings are two- or three-story household structures, and fire defense needs are low. As soon as a fire bursts out in the structure, it will cause serious effects. 2- and three-story buildings are not mainstream in China, and also in backwoods, there are extremely few of them. To present innovation, we have to consider the present situation of domestic construction. Or else, we will certainly be learning in Handan.
(burning concrete building)
Fourth, the focus is out space furnishings and wood items yet on the fact that paint is made use of in all building designs, such as wall surface paint. Also premium wall surface treatments are textiles. Repaint or textiles are inherently combustible items. On top of that, lots of other design materials have different colors. The colors are additionally made from different sorts of paint. Once they run into high temperatures, they will burn even if there is no open flame.
On the various other hand, I have seen many people stating that the top quality of thermal insulation materials is not up to par. Actually, it is not simply moisture-retaining materials. The country also has matching fire retardant standards for wood utilized for interior design and furniture of high-rise buildings, yet furnishings factories and structure products factories will certainly avoid this. Ordinary consumers do not understand the problem, so basically, the wooden materials on the marketplace are non-fire retardant materials, whether they are used in skyscrapers or otherwise.
(burning concrete building)
Fifth, suggestions from firemans to prevent troubles before they happen: Each flooring needs to be geared up with a fire hydrant. If the location is large, you can also furnish a number of. If a fire happens, rapidly control the fire to prevent the fire from infecting various other floorings. If it is a property structure, each family should be geared up with a small fire hydrant. Once a fire takes place in your house, the fire can be quickly controlled within your very own home. Furthermore, furnishings, curtain decoration, etc, should be constructed from non-combustible products. The level of fire protection automation in skyscrapers is fairly high. The individual in charge of fire protection in high-rise buildings is in place and liable, and evaluations and drills are in area. Fires can be stopped by regulating combustibles, combustion-supporting products and fire sources.
The manufacturing procedure of concrete is an essential factor impacting its fire resistance. Among them, the control of the water-cement proportion is crucial. Too high or also low a water-cement proportion might have unfavorable results on the fire resistance of concrete. In addition, the top quality and form of the rocks in concrete will also have an effect on its fire resistance. Using hard and regular-shaped rocks can improve the fire resistance of concrete.
Relating to the detection of fire resistance, there are lots of commonly utilized techniques, such as high-temperature test approach, flame test technique, thermogravimetric analysis approach, and infrared spectroscopy technique. These approaches evaluate the fire resistance of concrete by replicating high-temperature atmospheres or straight observing the performance adjustments of concrete at high temperatures.
Concrete Additive Provider
Cabr-concrete is a supplier of foaming agents and other concrete additives, which is concrete and relative products with over 12 years experience in nano-building energy conservation and nanotechnology development. It accepts payment via Credit Card, T/T, West Union and Paypal. Trunnano will ship the goods to customers overseas through FedEx, DHL, by air, or by sea. If you are looking for high quality raw materials of concrete mixer, please feel free to contact us and send an inquiry. (sales@cabr-concrete.com).
First, concrete soaks up and transfers warmth a lot more conveniently than dissipates warm easily. When a fire happens, it has the result of supporting combustion, which amounts adding gas to the fire. The even more it burns, the bigger it obtains. Concrete might seem stunning and strong, however in fact, it could be better than adobe homes. There is no thermal insulation and heat dissipation result like adobe bricks.
(burning concrete building)
On the other hand, I simply scraped the surface area. If the steel-concrete structure of a skyscraper is white, there will certainly not be a great deal of smoke and fire if it melts. It is mainly made of interior design products, mainly natural products, oil, or plastic materials., when fired up, the fire will certainly come to be strong and create a big amount of black smoke.
Second, fires in skyscrapers can melt concrete and steel bars. Oxygen sustains combustion. Additionally, the temperature created by the supporting combustion of various other flammable things in the structure is very high. Nevertheless, it is not a fire in a rural home. In the 911 case, one structure was destroyed by an aircraft. After the collision, it did not collapse at the time. Later on, the fire triggered by the influence melted and thawed the text of enhanced concrete and ultimately broke down.
(burning concrete building)
On the various other hand, indoor decor materials, home appliances and furniture are mostly flammable. If one flooring burns for a long time, the temperature level will permeate the flooring and fire up the top and lower floorings. The floor is high and windy, with excellent air flow and high oxygen content. The high-temperature warm circulation will create a smoke. Power, the fire must be extremely strong.
Third, the foam plastic used for exterior wall surface insulation is the offender. Foam plastics are frequently utilized in Europe and the United States, so a group of specialists introduced this innovation. But they certainly need to have taken into consideration that most international structures are two- or three-story property structures, and fire defense needs are low. When a fire bursts out in the building, it will certainly create major effects. 2- and three-story buildings are not mainstream in China, and even in rural areas, there are extremely few of them. To present innovation, we have to consider the present circumstance of domestic construction. Otherwise, we will be learning in Handan.
(burning concrete building)
Fourth, the emphasis is out area furnishings and timber items yet on the truth that paint is used in all constructing decors, such as wall surface paint. Even high-end wall coverings are textiles. Repaint or textiles are naturally combustible objects. On top of that, numerous various other decoration products have different colors. The colors are also made from numerous sorts of paint. Once they experience heats, they will certainly burn also if there is no open flame.
On the various other hand, I have seen many people stating that the high quality of thermal insulation materials is not up to par. In fact, it is not just moisture-retaining materials. The nation additionally has equivalent fire resistant standards for timber made use of for interior design and furnishings of high-rise buildings, yet furniture factories and building products manufacturing facilities will prevent this. Ordinary consumers do not understand the trouble, so primarily, the wood products on the marketplace are non-fire resistant materials, whether they are made use of in high-rise buildings or otherwise.
(burning concrete building)
Fifth, tips from firefighters to stop troubles prior to they take place: Each floor ought to be geared up with a fire hydrant. If the area is huge, you can also outfit numerous. If a fire happens, swiftly regulate the fire to prevent the fire from infecting other floors. If it is a residential building, each house should be geared up with a tiny fire hydrant. As soon as a fire happens in your house, the fire can be rapidly controlled within your very own home. Furthermore, furnishings, curtain decor, and so on, have to be constructed from non-combustible materials. The degree of fire defense automation in high-rise buildings is relatively high. The person in charge of fire protection in high-rise buildings remains in place and liable, and examinations and drills are in location. Fires can be prevented by controlling combustibles, combustion-supporting products and fire sources.
The production procedure of concrete is a key aspect influencing its fire resistance. Among them, the control of the water-cement ratio is critical. Too expensive or as well reduced a water-cement ratio might have negative effects on the fire resistance of concrete. On top of that, the quality and shape of the rocks in concrete will likewise have an effect on its fire resistance. Utilizing hard and regular-shaped stones can boost the fire resistance of concrete.
Regarding the discovery of fire resistance, there are numerous generally utilized methods, such as high-temperature test method, fire examination technique, thermogravimetric analysis method, and infrared spectroscopy method. These techniques evaluate the fire resistance of concrete by imitating high-temperature atmospheres or straight observing the performance adjustments of concrete at heats.
Concrete Additive Distributor
Cabr-concrete is a supplier of foaming agents and other concrete additives, which is concrete and relative products with over 12 years experience in nano-building energy conservation and nanotechnology development. It accepts payment via Credit Card, T/T, West Union and Paypal. Trunnano will ship the goods to customers overseas through FedEx, DHL, by air, or by sea. If you are looking for high quality raw materials of cement waterproofing additive, please feel free to contact us and send an inquiry. (sales@cabr-concrete.com).
From old times to today, concrete has played a crucial duty in the human construction of houses and significant projects. This artificial mixture constructed from all-natural materials such as sedimentary rock and clay is extensively made use of due to its outstanding mechanical homes. However, as time passed, a disturbing rumor began to flow among individuals. The life span of cement is just half a century, by which time the building will certainly be collapsing or perhaps collapse. The claim sparked public panic and elevated questions concerning the future of world-class projects such as the Three Gorges Dam. The 3 Gorges Dam, one of the largest hydropower stations worldwide, additionally makes use of concrete for watering. It was developed making use of rigorous design standards and advanced technology.
Cement's life expectancy is only half a century. Will the house be in risk by then? What regarding the Three Gorges Dam constructed with concrete?
(concrete construction)
1. The trick of concrete strength
Everybody should have listened to the claiming, "Concrete has a life-span of 50 years". Nevertheless, this declaration is not totally accurate, and the service life of cement is not figured out below. The true life-span of a structure is additionally affected by several aspects. The supposed 50-year life of cement originates from the fact that the chemical bonding pressure formed during the solidification procedure of cement is time-limited.
When concrete and concrete are mixed, the calcium and silicic acid particles in the cement liquify in the water, developing a coarse calcium silicate crystal framework. This structure remains to intertwine to develop chemical bonds, securing dampness and creating the cement to gradually set and solidify. At some point, its stamina will also go beyond that of some metal products.
But this enhancing procedure is not timeless. Typically, after half a century or two, these chemical bonds will gradually age and shed their glue pressure, causing a decrease in concrete strength. But that doesn't indicate that structures will certainly fall down immediately in half a century. Actually, the major aspects that determine a building's service life depend on structural layout, building top quality, product selection, and post-maintenance.
For example, the popular Sydney Concert hall was built in the 1960s. Nevertheless, because of appropriate upkeep and excellent style and building and construction, it is still standing today. On the various other hand, if the style is affordable, the construction is surface, and the management is smooth, it will certainly be difficult for the structure to be utilized for a long time, even if the chemical bonding pressure is still there. It can be seen that cement stamina is only one-factor affecting life and is never decisive.
(concrete construction)
The existing design service life of city housing in China is generally half a century. However this is not identified by concrete life. Rather, it is based upon numerous considerations such as calamity avoidance and decrease, resource recycling, and so on. After half a century does not imply your home needs to be knocked down. As long as it undertakes expert examination, support and repair service to guarantee that it meets the relevant load-bearing and seismic demands, it can remain to be used. Also the brand-new service life will exceed the original style life.
As a matter of fact, the life span of modern-day exceptional structures frequently exceeds 50 years. For example, the Empire State Structure in New York, integrated in the 1930s, was meticulously created, using premium products and medically built. The Realm State Structure is still standing and has actually been in usage for greater than 80 years. The crucial aspects that figure out the life of a structure include structural design, building and construction modern technology, constructing product choice, everyday maintenance, etc.
Excellent developers will fully think about and predict the life span of the structure at the start of the strategy and make use of high-quality products. The use of advanced anti-seismic, anti-seepage, energy-saving and various other technologies can expand its service life to 100 years or perhaps much longer. Although cement has a particular chemical bonding time limit, it does not mean that the structure is "scrapped." As long as it is meticulously created and constructed from the get go of building and construction and attention is paid to succeeding maintenance and repairs. Most modern structures can continue to be utilized safely for several years after 50 years and remain to serve the city.
(concrete construction)
2. Construction and unique considerations of the Three Gorges Dam of the Century Job
For large-scale water conservancy projects, the conversation concerning the service life of cement is more worthy of factor to consider. Take the 3 Gorges Dam, the globe's most stunning hydropower terminal. It lugs multiple jobs such as flood control, power generation, and delivery and is an essential national tactical task.
Chinese designers put in numerous efforts throughout the style and construction of the 3 Gorges Dam. Allow the dam have an ultra-long layout life of more than 100 years. As the globe's most ambitious hydropower job, the building process of the 3 Gorges Dam has drawn in much interest and has collected the initiatives and knowledge of plenty of Chinese people.
From the first idea advanced by Sun Yat-sen in the 1920s to the energetic promotion by the older generation of revolutionaries, such as Chairman Mao and Premier Zhou, after the beginning of New China. After decades of duplicated presentations and strenuous prep work, the Three Gorges Job finally started building and construction in the 1990s. As a large water conservancy job with multiple functions. The 3 Gorges Dam shoulders essential obligations such as flooding control, power generation, and shipping and is called the century-old desire for the Chinese country. During the design and building and construction procedure, Chinese engineers adhered to the plan of "active prep work and full dependability" and spent numerous initiatives.
(concrete construction)
On Might 1, 1998, the temporary ship lock of the 3 Gorges Task, the initially detailed job integrated in the Yangtze River Three Gorges Task, was formally open up to navigating, noting the beginning of this globe engineering titan. In the adhering to years, the 3 Gorges Project conquered world troubles one after one more and continued to establish construction documents. In 1999, the 3 Gorges Project set a world document for regular monthly and yearly concrete pouring volumes. In 2003, the third stage of the RCC cofferdam job once more broke five world records.
The year 2003 was of wonderful significance to the Three Gorges Project. In this year, the job achieved the set goals of the 2nd stage of power generation, navigating, and water storage. This year, the Three Gorges Dam together experienced essential web links such as the 2nd closure of the Yangtze River, the approval of the second stage of the dam, and the very first water impoundment. By the end of that year, the Three Gorges Project had actually completed a lot of the earthwork excavation, backfilling, and concrete putting, and the whole left bank dam got to a dam crest elevation of 185 meters. At the same time, the 3 Gorges resettlement work is advancing gradually, and the storage tank location has tackled a totally make over.
In 2006, the final concrete of the appropriate bank dam was poured in location, and the entire 3 Gorges Dam was covered, 10 months ahead of timetable. In 2008, the Three Gorges started its very first speculative water storage. In August 2009, the final acceptance check of the third phase project was successfully passed, marking that the general project was essentially finished according to the preliminary design.
(concrete construction)
The fantastic 3 Gorges Project not only set lots of world documents in engineering modern technology however additionally established a brand-new engineering building and construction management mechanism - the "3 Gorges Design." Effectively controlled the job high quality, development and price, substantially boosting the management degree. Therefore, the 3 Gorges Dam is not developed exclusively with concrete yet with concrete and steel as the main materials. With scientific and extensive computations, progressed building technology and material option, and strict quality assurance, the Three Gorges Dam has actually been ensured to have an ultra-long layout life of 100 years.
At the same time, the Three Gorges Dam is likewise geared up with a multitude of advanced monitoring equipment to conduct 24-hour dynamic monitoring of the dam body. She has created a complete operation and maintenance strategy. It can be claimed that the Three Gorges Dam has actually done sufficient research during the building and construction phase to get rid of different prospective dangers as long as feasible and lay a strong foundation for its future secure procedure. However, we can not ignore some unpredictable hazards hidden in nature, such as earthquakes, floods, and various other tragic weather.
Consequently, throughout the succeeding procedure duration of the Three Gorges Dam, a specialist group is still required to continually keep track of different technical indications and create emergency plans in a timely fashion to prevent troubles before they occur. Its life-span and safety are fully guaranteed as long as we preserve admiration of nature and persist in maintaining it. This water conservancy giant will surely be able to offer future generations for a hundred years or perhaps longer.
3. Environmental elements that can not be ignored are normally the biggest examination
You should recognize that the 3 Gorges Dam is not just built of cement. Its main product is reinforced concrete. With clinical and strenuous computations, advanced building and construction modern technology and maximized product proportion. From the beginning of its design, the 3 Gorges Dam had a higher safety book variable than similar jobs.
At the very same time, the Three Gorges is additionally furnished with a great deal of advanced monitoring tools. Implement 24-hour vibrant monitoring of the dam body. A total operation and maintenance plan has actually been formulated to shield its long-lasting secure operation from many aspects. Although the Three Gorges Dam was thoroughly constructed, we need to acknowledge the power of nature.
(concrete construction)
Although strengthened concrete is hard, a specific level of chemical weathering and physical disintegration will certainly still occur if it is soaked in water for a very long time. In addition to natural disasters such as quakes and floods, which might bring uncertain influences to this large task. For that reason, for a large-scale task like the 3 Gorges, it is very important to execute numerous evaluations and preventions throughout the building stage.
Yet in the subsequent operation and maintenance process. It is even more necessary to have an expert team to continually keep an eye on different security indicators and create emergency strategies in a timely manner to avoid issues prior to they happen. At the same time, we should likewise affix fantastic relevance to the possible risks that environment change and ecological issues might bring and properly enhance the security of this century job.
Besides, the 3 Gorges Dam is not only related to the nationwide economy and individuals's income such as flood control, power generation, and shipping, yet it is additionally an essential landmark in the great renewal of the Chinese nation. We should not permit any blunders to hurt this dam, which has the effort of many home builders. Just by paying complete focus to various possible risk variables and taking timely and reliable response procedures. Just after that can the 3 Gorges Dam genuinely endure the long-term test of nature and remain to serve the nation and individuals.
Supplier
Cabr-concrete is a supplier of foaming agents and other concrete additives, which is concrete and relative products with over 12 years experience in nano-building energy conservation and nanotechnology development. It accepts payment via Credit Card, T/T, West Union and Paypal. Trunnano will ship the goods to customers overseas through FedEx, DHL, by air, or by sea. If you are looking for high quality cementboard materials, please feel free to contact us and send an inquiry. (sales@cabr-concrete.com).
As a result of its great attributes, foam concrete is extensively made use of in energy-saving wall products and has actually additionally been utilized in other aspects. At present, the primary applications of foam concrete in my country are cast-in-place foam concrete insulation layers for roofs, foam concrete face obstructs, foam concrete, light-weight wall panels, and foam concrete settlement foundations. However, making complete use of the good characteristics of foam concrete can constantly expand its application locations in construction tasks, speed up task development, and boost task top quality, as adheres to:
1. It will replace foam plastic and become the biggest thermal insulation product in structure insulation.
Foam concrete is cheap and has readily offered basic materials. It can be rapidly cast in position and made into various products. At the same time, it has fire resistance, sound insulation, earthquake resistance, and weather resistance. It is the best option to replace foam plastics. Suitable products.
2. Foam concrete cast-in-place wall surface
The almost all of structure insulation is the exterior wall surface, and the almost all of structure sound insulation is the indoor wall. Foam concrete can be utilized for cast-in-place outside walls to attain self-insulation and self-absorption. It has benefits in both interior and exterior wall surface applications.
(foaming concrete)
3. Foam concrete outside wall insulation board
Foam concrete outside wall insulation board describes an insulation board fixed on the exterior wall by pasting or dry-hanging technology. Given that this sort of insulation board has actually been effectively utilized in Sichuan, Gansu, Shanghai, Zhejiang, and other areas, it prepares to replace the foamed polystyrene board for external wall surface insulation thin smudging system or external wall surface internal insulation slim smudging system.
This sort of wall surface panel includes foam concrete composite wall panels with an encountering layer or safety layer on one side and foam concrete sandwich wall surface panels with a dealing with layer or protective layer on both sides. This type of wall panel can understand self-insulation of the outside wall. It does not require extra insulation treatment after installment and has outstanding fire defense, durability, and sound insulation properties.
5. Foam concrete incorporated real estate
Integrated housing is an international development trend, and foam concrete self-insulating incorporated housing is a development hotspot. Nowadays, many residential companies are concentrating on establishing this sort of self-insulated prefabricated residences.
(concrete)
6. Foam concrete blocks, ceramsite blocks, and autoclaved blocks
Foam concrete blocks have actually constantly been the very first crucial product that all celebrations in China are keen on. Presently, domestic enterprises have actually turned to the research and development of ceramsite foam concrete blocks and autoclaved foam concrete obstructs. These two kinds of building blocks are the direction of growth. Most foreign firms utilize autoclaving. The previous Soviet Union made use of the natural curing process in the 1930s. Due to reduced toughness, bad frost resistance, and huge drying out shrinkage, it changed to the autoclaving process in the 1940s. Ceramsite foam cinder block are a technology in our country with innovative modern technology and must be strongly established.
There are more than 20 functions of foam concrete that have actually been found up until now, and a large number of its applications are still in civil applications. Amongst them, the most promising one in the future will be its usage in structure audio absorption and insulation. The writer forecasts that it will certainly end up being the new sound-absorbing material with one of the most growth potential. In addition, it has broad application potential customers in the areas of fireproof insulation, purification, impermeability and waterproofing, and lightweight attractive materials. As the lots of features of foam concrete are found, its application as a functional material will certainly be very appealing.
The application of pet healthy protein foaming representatives in foam concrete
In the preparation process of foam concrete, a pet healthy protein lathering representative is combined with water and cationic surfactant and foamed via a frothing agent equipment or high-speed mixer. These foams are then injected into a cement slurry and stirred to prepare a foamed concrete slurry. The benefit of this preparation technique is that the cast-in-place concrete it produces is not just lightweight, high-strength, and fireproof but additionally does not need autoclaved treating and can be developed by casting in position, which has significant energy-saving impacts.
The application of pet healthy protein lathering agents plays a vital function in enhancing the performance of foam concrete. First, it aids raise the volume of concrete and reduce its thickness, consequently accomplishing a light-weight result. Secondly, using foaming representatives can improve the thermal insulation performance of concrete and enhance the power efficiency of buildings. Furthermore, animal healthy protein frothing representatives can likewise enhance the strength and longevity of concrete and extend the service life of structures.
(animal protein foaming agent)
However, the application of pet protein foaming representatives also requires focus to some issues. As an example, different kinds of animal protein foaming agents may have various effects on the performance of concrete, so it is essential to pick the suitable foaming representative according to the specific application circumstance. Additionally, the amount of lathering representative additionally needs to be purely managed. Excessive or insufficient may influence the high quality and efficiency of the concrete.
Provider
TRUNNANO is a distributor of pet prorein frothing representative with over 12 years experience in nano-building energy conservation and nanotechnology advancement. It accepts settlement via Charge card, T/T, West Union and Paypal. Trunnano will certainly ship the items to clients overseas with FedEx, DHL, by air, or by sea. If you are searching for high-quality spherical silica powder, please feel free to contact us and send an inquiry.
.
Supplier
TRUNNANO is a supplier of foam and concrete blocks with over 12 years experience in nano-building energy conservation and nanotechnology development. It accepts payment via Credit Card, T/T, West Union and Paypal. Trunnano will ship the goods to customers overseas through FedEx, DHL, by air, or by sea. If you are looking for high-quality spherical silica powder, please feel free to contact us and send an inquiry.
Hafnium carbide
(HfC), is a chemical compound with a distinct character. It has many uses.
1. Hafnium Carbide: Its Properties
Hafnium carburide is a grayish powder that belongs in the metal carbide category. It has high melting points, good hardness and high thermal stability.
Physical Property
Hafnium carburide crystals have a face-centered cubical structure and a lattice coefficient of 0.488nm. It is a hard material with a melting temperature of 3410 degrees Celsius.
Chemical property
Hafnium carburide is chemically stable, and it is not soluble in water or acid-base solutions. It is not easily affected by high temperatures. This material is stable at high temperatures. Hafnium carburide has a high radiation resistance, and is therefore suitable for use in nuclear reactors and particle acceleraters.
2. Hafnium Carbide Application
Hafnium carbide is used widely in many industries due to its high melting points, high hardness as well as good thermal and chemical properties.
Electronic field
Hafnium carburide is widely used in electronic fields, and it is a key component of electronic paste. Hafnium carburide can be used to increase the conductivity and adherent of electronic paste. Hafnium can be used as an electronic device sealant, increasing the reliability and durability of electronic devices.
Catalytic field
Hafnium carburide is a great catalyst for many chemical reactions. One of the most common uses is in auto exhaust treatment, which reduces harmful gas emissions. Hafnium carburide is used as an hydrogenation catalyst and denitrification catalyst, among other things.
The optical field
Hafnium carbide is transparent, and it can be used for optical fibers and components. It can enhance the durability and transmission of optical components, and reduce light losses. Hafnium carbide can be used for key components such as lasers, optoelectronic devices and optical fields.
Ceramic field
Hafnium carbide can be used to improve the density and hardness of ceramic materials. It can also improve the performance of high-performance materials like high-temperature and structural ceramics. Hafnium carbide can be used to grind and coat materials.
RBOSCHCO
RBOSCHCO, a global chemical materials supplier and manufacturer, has over 12 year experience in providing high-quality Nanomaterials. The company export to many countries, such as USA, Canada, Europe, UAE, South Africa, Tanzania,Kenya,Egypt,Nigeria,Cameroon,Uganda,Turkey,Mexico,Azerbaijan,Belgium,Cyprus,Czech Republic, Brazil, Chile, Argentina, Dubai, Japan, Korea, Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Australia,Germany, France, Italy, Portugal etc. KMPASS, a market leader in the nanotechnology industry, dominates this sector. Our expert team offers solutions that can help industries improve their efficiency, create value and overcome various challenges. You can send an e-mail to: sales1@rboschco.com if you are searching for Hafnium carburide.
The wide-gap semiconductor material GaN is widely used due to its excellent electrical, optical and physical properties.
1.Semiconductor light
Gallium Nitride is widely used in semiconductor lighting. The high reflectivity, transparency and luminescence of gallium nitride material make it ideal for high-performance, LED lamps. LED lamps offer a higher level of luminous efficiency than fluorescent and incandescent bulbs, as well a longer life span. This makes them suited for use in many fields, including indoor and exterior lighting, displays, automobile lighting and more.
In semiconductor lighting materials such as gallium nitride are used mainly as substrates for the LED chips. LED chips, the main components of LED lighting, are directly responsible for the overall performance. They determine the LED light's luminous efficacy and service life. Gallium Nitride is an excellent substrate material because it has high thermal conductivity. It also has high chemical stability and stability. It improves the LED chip's luminous stability and efficiency, as well as reducing manufacturing costs.
2.High-temperature electronic devices
Gallium Nitride is also widely used for high-temperature electronics devices. Gallium nitride, which has high electron saturation rates and high breakdown electric fields, can be used for electronic devices that work in high-temperature environments.
Aerospace is a harsh field and it's important to have electronic devices that work reliably in high temperature environments. As a semiconductor high-temperature material, gallium-nitride materials are mainly used to make electronic devices like transistors and field effect transistors for flight control and control of fire systems. Gallium nitride is also used to produce high-temperature devices in the power transmission and distribution field, such as power electronics switches and converters. This improves the efficiency and reliability of equipment.
3.Solar cells
Gallium nitride solar cells also receive a lot attention. High-efficiency solar panels can be produced due to its high transparence and electron saturation rate.
Silicon is the main material in most traditional solar cells. Silicon solar cells are inexpensive to manufacture, but have a narrow bandgap (about 1eV) which limits their efficiency. Gallium-nitride solar cell have a greater energy gap width (about 2.30eV), which is able to absorb more sunlight, and has a higher photoelectric efficiency. The manufacturing cost of gallium-nitride cells is low. They can offer the same photoelectric converter efficiency for a lower price.
4.Detectors
Gallium Nitride is also widely used as a detector. They can be used to manufacture high-efficiency detectors like spectral and chemicals sensors.
Gallium Nitride can also be used as a material to make X-ray detectors that are efficient and can be applied in airports or important buildings for security checks. Gallium nitride is also used for environmental monitoring to produce detectors like gas and photochemical sensor, which detect environmental parameters, such air quality, pollutants, and other environmental parameters.
5.Other applications areas
Gallium nitride can be used for many different applications. Gallium nitride is used, for instance, to make microwave and high frequency devices such as high electron mobilty transistors (HEMTs), microwave monolithic combined circuits (MMICs), that are used in radar, communications, and electronic countermeasures. Furthermore,
gallium nitride
It can also be used for the manufacture of high-power lasers and deep ultraviolet optoelectronic device.
Lithium stearate is a crystalline form of lithium.
Lithium stearate has the chemical formula LiSt. It is a white powder that is solid at room temperatures. It is a highly lipophilic compound that can produce high light transmission at low concentrations. This compound is only slightly soluble when heated to room temperature, but it dissolves readily in organic solvents including acetone and alcohol. Lithium Stearate is stable and thermally safe at high temperatures because it has a melting and flash point. The lithium stearate also has a good chemical stability, and is resistant to acids and bases, as well as oxidants, reductants and reducing agents. Lithium is a less toxic substance, but should still be handled with care. An excessive intake of lithium can lead to diarrhoea or vomiting as well as difficulty breathing. Wearing gloves and goggles during operation is recommended because prolonged exposure to lithium can cause eye and skin irritation.
Lithium stearate:
Surfactant:
Lithium Stearate
Surfactant, lubricant, and other ingredients are used to make personal care products, such as shampoos, soaps, and body washes. It has excellent foam properties and good hydrolysis stabilty, resulting in a gentle and clean washing experience.
Lithium stearate has an important role to play in polymer syntheses. It can be used both as a donor and a participant in the formation of polymer chains. These polymers have good mechanical and chemical properties, making them ideal for plastics, rubber fibers, etc.
Lithium stearate can be used in cosmetic formulations to soften and moisturize the skin. It enhances moisturization, and makes the skin feel softer and smoother. The antibacterial and antiinflammatory properties of lithium stearate can also help with skin problems.
Paints & Coatings: Lithium is a leveling and thickening agent used to help control flow and the properties in the final coating. It is resistant to weather and scratches, which makes the coating durable.
Applications of lithium stearate include drug carriers, excipients, and stabilizers. It can enhance the stability of medications and also improve their taste and solubility.
Lithium stearate has many uses in agriculture, including as a carrier for fertilizer and a plant-protection agent. It increases the efficiency of fertilizers and improves plant disease resistance.
Petrochemical: In the petrochemical sector, lithium stearate may be used as an lubricant or release agent. As a catalyst in petroleum cracking, lithium stearate improves cracking yield and efficiency.
Lithium stearate production method :
Chemical Synthesis:
Lithium stearate can be synthesized through a series a chemical reactions. In order to get the lithium metal reacting with the stearate, they are heated together in an organic solvant. After washing, separation and drying, the pure lithium-stearate product is obtained.
Following are the steps for synthesis.
(1) Lithium metal and stearate in organic solvents, such as ethanol heated stirring to fully react.
(2) The reaction solution must be cooled in order to precipitate lithium stearate.
Then, wash the crystal with water.
(4) The dried crystals are used to make lithium stearate.
Chemical synthesis is a mature technology that offers high efficiency in production and product purity. However, organic solvents have an environmental impact and waste is generated during production.
Methode de fermentation biologique
In biological fermentation, microorganisms such as yeast are used in the medium to produce lithium. The principle behind this method is that microorganisms use their metabolic pathways to produce stearic and react with metal ions, such as lithium, to create lithium stearate.
These are the steps that you will need to take in order to produce your product.
(1) The microorganisms will be inoculated onto the medium containing precursors for fermentation culture.
(2) The filtrate is used to produce a solution that contains stearic acids.
Add metal ions, such as lithium ions, to the solution with stearic Acid so that they fully react.
(4) The reaction product is separated and washed, then dried to give lithium stearate.
The benefits of biological fermentation include environmental protection, less waste discharge and a longer production process. However, the conditions for production are also higher.
Prospect Market for Lithium stearate
The application of lithium in personal care will continue to play a major role. It plays a vital role as a lubricant and surfactant in cosmetics, soaps, and shampoos. As people's standards of living improve and the cosmetics sector continues to expand, lithium stearate demand will gradually rise.
The application of lithium-stearate to polymer synthesis has also increased. It can be used both as a donor and a participant in polymer chain formation. As polymer materials science continues to develop, the demand of lithium stearate increases.
Lithium stearate's application in agricultural, petrochemical, pharmaceutical and other fields is also growing. In the pharmaceutical sector, lithium stearate may be used as a carrier, excipient or drug stabilizer. In agriculture, the lithium stearate is used to protect plants and as a carrier for fertilizer. In the field of petrochemicals, lithium isostearate may be used as an lubricant or release agent. In these areas, the demand for lithium will increase as technology advances.
But the outlook for the lithium stearate market is not without its own challenges. In order to produce lithium metal, it is necessary to use a more expensive production process. Aside from that, the applications of lithium is limited, with a concentration in agriculture, petrochemicals, pharmaceuticals and personal care products. To expand the scope of application and the demand for lithium stearate, it is important to continue to develop new applications and markets.
Lithium stearate powder price :
Many factors influence the price, such as the economic activity, the sentiment of the market and the unexpected event.
You can contact us for a quotation if you're looking for the most recent lithium stearate price.
Lithium stearate powder Supplier :
Technology Co. Ltd. has been supplying high-quality chemical materials for over 12 years.
The chemical and nanomaterials include silicon powders, graphite particles, zinc sulfide grains, boron particles, etc.
Contact us today to receive a quote for our high-quality Lithium Stearate Powder.
In 2018, the roof collapsed of a primary-school in southeast England. Later, it was discovered that RAAC material had been used to build the school's roof and other buildings. This raised safety concerns.
BBC reported that RAAC materials were widely used from the 1950s until the mid-1990s in areas such as roof panels, and had a lifespan of around 30 years.
Reports indicate that the risk of building collapse is not just confined to schools, but can also be found in hospitals, police station, courts and other public structures. RAAC material has been found.
The Royal Dengate Theatre at Northampton is temporarily closed after RAAC material was found.
According to NHS, RAAC has been detected in 27 hospital building.
The NHS chief has been tasked with developing measures to address the potential collapse risk.
BBC reported that since 2018 the British government has warned schools to be "fully ready" for RAAC.
The Independent reported Jonathan Slater a former senior education official, who said that Sunak, Prime Minister in 2021, approved budget reductions to build schools.
Nick Gibb is a senior official at the Department of Education. He said that the Department of Education asked for PS200m annually for school maintenance. Sunak was the former chancellor of exchequer and provided just PS50m a year.
The report also states that despite Sunak having promised to renovate at least 50 schools a month, the main reconstruction plan of the government has only included four renovated schools.
The British National Audit Office chief also criticised this crisis. He claimed that the Sunak government had adopted a "plaster-method" of building maintenance.
He believes the government's underinvestment has forced schools to close, and that families are now "paying the cost".
Paul Whitman is the secretary-general of National Association of Principals. He said that the public and parents would perceive any attempt to blame individual schools on the government as "a desperate move by the federal government to divert its attention from their own major errors."
Whitman claimed that the classroom has become completely unusable. Whitman blamed the British Government for the situation. "You can't change it no matter how many distractions and diversion you use."
London Mayor Sadiq khan said that the government should be open and transparent. This will reassure parents, staff, children, and others.
BBC reported schools in the UK were pushing forward with inspections and assessments. Children who had been suspended because of school building issues will be temporarily housed, or they can learn online.
In718 Powder is widely used for industrial and aviation turbo-propellers, petrochemical, nuclear reactors, and laser cladding.Particle Size: 15-45mm; 15-53mm; 53-120mm and 53-150mm
3D Printing Nickel Alloy Inconel 718 Properties:
Nickel Alloy IN718 powder is resistant to heat and corrosion.
This kind of precipitation-hardening nickel-chromium alloy is characterized by having good tensile, fatigue, creep and rupture strength at temperatures up to 700 degC (1290 degF).
Inconel 718 material properties:
Nickel Alloy INCONEL 718, a high-strength nickel-chromium metal that resists corrosion and is suitable for temperatures ranging from -423degF to 1300degF. It is easy to fabricate complex parts from this age-hardenable material. It has excellent welding characteristics.
The Inconel 718 alloy has a nickel base and is ideal for applications which require high strength over a wide temperature range, from cold temperatures to 1400degF. The In718 alloy has excellent impact and tensile strengths. Inconel 718 exhibits good corrosion and oxidation resistance in atmospheres within the range of strength for the alloy.
The alloy Inconel718 contains niobium, molybdenum, and nickel. It exhibits high strength and good corrosion resistance at low and high temperatures below 650degC. It can be in a solid solution state or a precipitation hardening condition.
Inconel 718, mechanical properties
The Inconel718 alloy is characterized by excellent properties and ease of processing. It has high tensile and fatigue strengths, creep strength and breaking strengths at 700; a high resistance to oxidation at 1000; stable chemical performance at low temperature; and good welding performance.
It is important to find a trustworthy supplier. If you're interested in purchasing 3D Printing Nickel Alloy in718 powder in bulk, please send us an email to receive the most recent inconel price. We also provide inconel-718 plate inconel-718 bar and other shapes.
In718 Composition
You can also find us on Twitter @Ni
Nb
Mo
It is a good idea to use a different language.
Al
You Can Also Use This
Fe
50.0-55.0
17.0-21.0
4.75-5.25
2.80-3.30
0.65-1.15
0.20-0.80
<=0.30
The Balancing Act
Categories
Alloy grades & Characteristics
Alloy number
IN718 Nickel Alloy Powder
Particle size
15-45mm, 15-53mm, 53-120mm, 53-150mm
Morphology:
Spherical or near spherical
Appearance:
Grey
Package:
Aluminum bag, Vacuum packing
Application:
3D Printing Nickel Alloy powder
Other applications
powder metallurgy(PM), injection molding(MIM), spray painting(SP) etc.
How are 3D printing Nickel Alloy In718 Powder manufactured?
In the mechanical processing field, Inconel718 is a material that can be difficult to work with. It has to be processed in a number of ways.
Warm-up
It is important to clean the surface of the workpiece before and during the healing procedure in order to maintain a clean surface. Inconel718 becomes brittle when heated in an environment containing sulfur, phosphorus or lead. Impurities are caused by fuel, lubricating, water, chalk, marking paint and other materials. Fuels should not have sulfur levels above. The impurity level of liquefied natural gas and liquefied a gas should both be below 0.1%. City gas's sulfur content should also be lower than 0.25g/m3, while the sulfur in petroleum gas must be less that 0.5%.
The heated electric stove should be capable of a better temperature control. Its gas must be neutral, or at least weakly alkaline.
Thermal processing
The temperature range for Inconel718 is between 1120 and 900 degrees Fahrenheit. It is important to anneal the material in a timely manner after hotworking, for best results. During hot working, the material must be heated above the processing temperature. To ensure plasticity, the temperature at which the material reaches a 20% deformation should not fall below 960degC.
Cold Work
After the solution treatment, coldworking should be performed. Because the work-hardening rate of Inconel718 (which is higher than austenitic stainless) requires a different processing method, it's important to adjust the equipment and perform an intermediate annealing during the coldworking process.
Heat treatment
Material properties can be affected by different aging and solution treatments. Long-term aging can improve the mechanical properties of Inconel718 due to its low diffusion rate.
Polished
The oxide that forms near the weld on the Inconel718 is more difficult than the stainless steel. It must be polished with fine sanding cloth. It is necessary to remove the oxide with sandpaper, or use a salt solution before pickingling in a mix of nitric and hydrofluoric acids.
Machining
Inconel718 must be machined only after a solution treatment. Work hardening should also be taken into consideration. Inconel718 has a lower surface cutting speed than austenitic stainless.
Welding
The precipitation-hardening type Inconel718 alloy is very suitable for welding and has no tendency to crack after welding. The main advantages of this material are its weldability, easy processing and high strength.
Inconel718 has been designed for use in arc and plasma welding. Before welding the material, it should be free of any oil, powder or other contaminants.
Application of 3D printing Nickel Alloy In718 Powder
Our original nickel alloy for 3D-printing and additive manufacturing, Inconel In718.
In718 is good in terms of tensile, fatigue and fracture resistance. It can resist creeping at temperatures of up to 700degC. It has excellent corrosion resistance, and it is easy-to-weld. Inconel In718 may also be heat-treated.
Inconel can be used to make a variety of parts, including liquid fuel rockets and rings, gas turbine engine parts, fasteners, instrument parts, and formed sheet metal components for aircraft or land-based engines.
In718 is a high-temperature alloy that has excellent heat resistance. This makes it ideal for gas turbines, aerospace, and other applications. Other applications include measuring probes and pumps in energy and processing technology.
Storage Conditions of IN718 powder:
IN718's performance and effects of use will be affected if the powder is exposed to dampness. The IN718 must be kept in a dry and cool room and sealed in vacuum packaging. IN718 should also not be exposed to stress.
Shipping & Packing of IN718 powder:
The quantity of powder IN718 will determine the type of packaging.
IN718 Powder Packing: Vacuum packaging, 100g/bag, 500g/bag, 1kg/bag or barrels of 25kg, as per your request.
IN718 Powder Shipping: Can be shipped by air, sea or express as quickly as possible after payment receipt.
Technology Co. Ltd., () is an established global chemical supplier and manufacturer, with over 12 years' experience in providing high-quality nanomaterials. These include boride powders, nitride particles, graphite particles, sulfide particles, 3D-printing powders, etc.
Contact us to receive a quote. (brad@ihpa.net)
Nickel Alloy Powder Properties
Alternative Names
Inconel 718 powder (IN718)
CAS Number
N/A
Compound Formula
Ni/Fe/Cr
Molecular Mass
N/A
Appearance
Gray-black powder
Melting Point
1370-1430 degC
Solubility
N/A
Density
8.192 g/cm3
Purity
N/A
Particle Size
15-45mm, 15-53mm, 53-120mm, 53-150mm
Bold point
N/A
Specific Heating
N/A
Thermal Conduction
6.5 W/m*K
Thermal Expander
N/A
Young's Module
N/A
Exact Mass
N/A
Monoisotopic Mash
N/A
Nickel Alloy Powder IN718 Health & Safety Information
Germanium sulfide is a semiconductor material with the chemical formula GeS2. It has a certain solubility in water, easily soluble in hot alkali, and soluble in concentrated hydrochloric acid. Particle size: -100mesh
Purity: 99.99%
About Germanium Sulfide GeS2 Powder:
Germanium Sulfide is also called Germanium Sulphide, Germanium disulfide. Germanium disulfide formula is GeS2. Unstable, high temperature is easy to sublimation and oxidation, dissociate in humid air or inert atmosphere, insoluble in water and inorganic acid (including strong acid), is soluble in thermal alkali, dissolved in ammonia or sulfide diaphragm.
Germanium disulfide density is 2.19 g / cm3. Melting point 800 deg C. Germanium Sulfide is a small white powder, mainly consisting of Germanium disulfide (GeS2) particles. Like many closely related metal sulfides, Germanium disulfide powder is currently the subject of many researchers, researching its potential in energy storage applications, such as solid-state batteries.
The crystal of germanium disulfide is orthogonal. Single cells contain 24 molecules whose dimensions are: A = 11.66a, B = 22.34A, C = 6.86A. Accuracy 1/2%. The space group is FDD (C2V19). Eight germanium atoms are located on a double-axis; all other atoms occupy a general location. The 12 parameters involved have been determined. Each germanium atom is connected to four sulfur atomic tetrahedrons, with an atomic distance of 2.19A. The angle between the two sulfur bonds is 103 deg.
Feel free to send an inquiry to get the latest Germanium disulfide price if you would like to buy Germanium Sulfide GeS2 Powder in bulk.
High purity germanium sulfide granule GeS2 powder:
Nature: white powder. Orthogonal crystal structure. Density 2.19 g / cm3. Melting point 800 . Unstable, high-temperature sublimation and oxidation, in the humid air or inert atmosphere dissociation. The molten state is a fresh brown transparent body, a density of 3.01g / cm3, insoluble in water and inorganic acids (including strong acid), soluble in hot alkali, dissolved in ammonia or sulfide diamines to generate imide germanium. By the germanium powder and sulfur vapor or hydrogen sulfide and sulfur mixed gas from the system. For the germanium metallurgy intermediate products.
How is
Germanium Sulfide GeS2 Powder
produced?
Germanium disulfide can be generated from hydrogen sulfide to tetrachloride in a concentrated hydrochloric acid solution.
Germanium disulfide was prepared from germanium and sulfide vapor or hydrogen sulfide, and a mixed gas of sulfur.
Applications of
Germanium Sulfide GeS2 Powder:
Solid-State Battery: Like many closely related compounds, Germanium disulfide is particularly interested in researchers and manufacturers designed in front of them.
In particular, this material has potential value in the cathode production of certain types of batteries.
The vulcanized nanoparticles are great potential as a high-performance lithium-sulfur battery.
Electrology: For researchers engaged in energy storage technology, Germanium disulfide has the same characteristics, which makes it a certain potential value when producing other components and materials for advanced electronic technology.
Catalyst: Like many sulfides, germanium disulfide has the unique potential to produce more complex compounds for high-tech equipment and other chemical reactions.
Optical properties: Like many related materials, nano-level sulfur provides a large number of unique optical properties, many of which have not been fully understood.
This makes the research interest in this material involve a wide range of industries and fields, from electron-to-photovoltaic to imaging techniques.
Storage Condition of Germanium Sulfide GeS2 Powder:
Damp reunion will affect GeS2 powder dispersion performance and using effects, therefore, Germanium Sulfide GeS2 Powder should be sealed in vacuum packing and stored in cool and dry room, the Germanium Sulfide GeS2 Powder can not be exposure to air. In addition, the GeS2 powder should be avoided under stress.
Packing & Shipping of Germanium Sulfide GeS2 Powder:
We have many different kinds of packing which depend on the Germanium Sulfide GeS2 Powder quantity.
Germanium Sulfide GeS2 Powder packing:vacuum packing, 100g, 500g or 1kg/bag, 25kg/barrel, or as your request.
Germanium Sulfide GeS2 Powder shipping: could be shipped out by sea, by air, by express, as soon as possible once payment receipt.
Technology Co. Ltd. () is a trusted global chemical material supplier & manufacturer with over 12-year-experience in providing super high-quality chemicals and Nanomaterials, including boride powder, nitride powder, graphite powder, sulfide powder, 3D printing powder, etc.
If you are looking for high-quality
Germanium disulfide
powder
, please feel free to contact us and send an inquiry. (
brad@ihpa.net
)
Copper products exhibit good electrical conductivity as well as thermal conductivity. They are also ductile, resistant to corrosion, and have a high wear resistance. They are widely used by the electricity, electronics and energy industries.
Metal Alloy High Purity Copper Plate, 8.92g/cm3:
Surface:
Brush, mirrors, hairline, mill, polished, bright and oiled.
Dimension:
Applications:
Interior decoration: ceilings, walls, furniture, cabinets, and elevator decoraction.
Payment & Transport:
Metal alloy 8.92g/cm3 high purity polished copper plate
Alternative Names
Copper Plate
CAS Number
N/A
Compound Formula
You Can Also Use This
Molecular Mass
N/A
Appearance
N/A
Melting Point
N/A
Solubility
N/A
Density
8.92g/cm3
Purity
99.95%, 99.99%, 99.995%
Size
We can customize any of our products
Bolding Point
N/A
Specific Heating
N/A
Thermal Conduction
N/A
Thermal Expander
N/A
Young’s Module
N/A
Exact Mass
N/A
Monoisotopic Mash
N/A
Health & Safety Information for Metal Alloy 8.92g/cm3 High Purity Polised Copper Plate
Tungsten-nickel-copper/iron alloy is characterized by low thermal expansion, high density, radiation absorption and high thermal and electrical conductivity. It is widely utilized in the aerospace and military industries.
About High Density Tungsten Aloy Rod Grinding Surface:
Tungsten-alloy rods are made up mainly of tungsten alloyed with nickel, iron, or copper.
Properties:
Low thermal expansion and high density, with high thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity. Perfect performance in environments of high radiation exposure.
Applications:
The aerospace, military and medical industries use this material extensively.
Payment & Transport:
Metal Alloy High Density Tungsten Alloy Rod Grind Surface Tungsten Alloy Bar Properties
Alternative Names
Tungsten Alloy Bar
CAS Number
N/A
Compound Formula
N/A
Molecular Mass
N/A
Appearance
N/A
Melting Point
N/A
Solubility
N/A
Density
17g/cm3
Purity
N/A
Size
You can customize the look of your website by using
Bolding Point
N/A
Specific Heating
N/A
Thermal Conduction
N/A
Thermal Expander
N/A
Young Modulus
N/A
Exact Number
N/A
Monoisotopic Mash
N/A
Metal Alloy High Density Tungsten Alloy Rod Grind Surface Tungsten Alloy Bar Health & Safety Information
Newspdgsaintgermain is a trusted global chemical material supplier & manufacturer with over 12 years experience in providing super high quality chemicals and Nano materials such as graphite powder, boron powder , zinc sulfide , nitride powder, Calcium nitride, Ca3N2, 3D printing powder, and so on.
And our innovative, high-performance materials are widely used in all aspects of daily life, including but not limited to the automotive, electrical, electronics, information technology, petrochemical, oil, ceramics, paint, metallurgy, solar energy, and catalysis. Our main product list as following:
Metal and alloy powder: boron, nickel, silicon, copper, iron, aluminum. chrome, silver
